{"id":1551,"date":"2023-01-03T04:33:40","date_gmt":"2023-01-03T05:33:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vornaco.com\/how-glass-made-and-the-oldest-glass-factory\/"},"modified":"2023-07-19T11:46:24","modified_gmt":"2023-07-19T11:46:24","slug":"how-glass-made-and-the-oldest-glass-factory","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vornaco.com\/ar\/how-glass-made-and-the-oldest-glass-factory\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c!"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb_text_column\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0631<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u060c \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 (SiO2) \u060c \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 (Na2O) \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u060c \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 (CaO) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a \/ \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u062a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u062a (MgO) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u062f\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0631 (Al2O3). \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0632\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062e\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 1500 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u064a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0631\u0622\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631. \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f 1500 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 650 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628.<\/span><\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c. \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0642\u0648\u0644. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1214 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/vornaco.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Oldest-Glass-2-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"940\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vornaco.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Oldest-Glass-2-1.jpg 940w, https:\/\/vornaco.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Oldest-Glass-2-1-300x153.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vornaco.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Oldest-Glass-2-1-500x255.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px\" title=\"\"><\/span><\/p>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 100 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c.<\/span><\/p>\n<ol start=\"6\">\n<li>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u00a0\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1608 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627. \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u063a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u060c \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 (SiO2) \u060c \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 (Na2O) \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u060c \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 (CaO) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a \/ \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u062a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u062a (MgO) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u062f\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0631 (Al2O3). \u064a\u062a\u0645 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